Leishmaniasis in dogs: symptoms, causes and prevention

What is leishmaniasis in dogs? It is important to understand this disease because it can be transmitted to humans, but thanks to preventive methods and recognising the symptoms of leishmania in dogs it can be controlled. We are going to explain everything surrounding this parasitic infection which, without effective veterinary treatment, can be fatal.

What is leishmaniasis in dogs?

Canine leishmaniasis or leishmaniosis is a parasitic disease caused by a protozoan called Leishmania infantum. What is striking for those unfamiliar with these topics is that it is a zoonosis, meaning it can be transmitted to humans. But how is leishmaniasis transmitted? A healthy dog can become infected after being bitten by a phlebotomine sandfly that has previously fed on the blood of an infected animal. We can say that it is almost impossible for this disease to spread through direct contact between animals and people. Even so, humans can become infected if we are bitten by an infected sandfly. In Spain there are as many as 12 different species of sandfly, but only two are responsible for this condition. Their activity is usually rural and nocturnal, and they are attracted to areas with high relative humidity and moderate temperatures. Although uncommon, transmission of leishmaniasis through other routes has also been recorded. We are talking about blood transfusions, bites from infected dogs, through the placenta, or through sexual intercourse. However, once the symptoms of leishmania in dogs are detected and treatment is started to control the disease, it stops being a source of infection. Now that we know what leishmaniasis in dogs is and how it is transmitted, it is worth stressing that the risk is lower when there is wind and from late afternoon onwards.

Symptoms of leishmania in dogs

First of all, it should be said that the incubation period for this infection ranges from one month to several years. Although the symptoms may initially affect the skin, the truth is that it can affect most organs. In fact, kidney failure is the most common cause of death, but it also affects the spleen, eyes and joints. It can also cause a tendency to haemorrhage.

• Skin lesions. Abnormally brittle or long nails may be seen, as well as ulcers or intradermal nodules developing on the surface of the skin. Alopecia and hyperkeratosis may also appear; this is the most striking finding.
• Visceral lesions. These are characterised by tarry stools, vomiting, exercise intolerance, nosebleeds, and loss of weight and appetite.
• Other associated symptoms. Fever, pain in the muscles and joints, neuralgia and certain signs suggesting possible kidney failure (excessive thirst, frequent urination and even vomiting). Likewise, in 90% of cases lymphadenopathy occurs: swollen lymph nodes with skin lesions.

How can leishmaniosis be prevented?

To control this disease, the most important thing is to follow a good prevention protocol. This is especially important if you live in the highest-risk geographical areas, such as the Mediterranean basin, Castilla-La Mancha, Extremadura and Ourense. The activity of the sandfly responsible for the infection is higher during the warmer months. Its presence is greatest from May to September. Consequently, prevention should focus on vaccination, which will produce an effective immune response. In addition, if the animal does become infected, it will not develop symptoms or will develop them in a milder form. On the other hand, the sandfly bite should be avoided. How can this be done? With the following products.

Stangest Pulvex shampoo

The champú Pulvex de Stangest is a natural repellent against biting insects that can transmit diseases such as this one. It contains Neem extract, citronella and lavender and is one of the best examples of products when we talk about how to prevent leishmaniasis. In addition, thanks to its composition, it can also repel ticks and fleas. The way to apply it is very simple. You just need to wet your pet (dog or cat) with lukewarm water and use a small amount of shampoo. Then you should rub it gently over the back until it produces a generous lather. If necessary, you can add a little more water. Leave it to work for five minutes and then rinse thoroughly with plenty of water.

Stanvet Life antiparasitic collar

The collar antiparasitario Stanvet Life has innovative technology based on a continuous and even-release polymer. It provides protection for up to four months to repel ticks, fleas and mosquitoes. The collar contains a unique blend of natural essential oils, so it does not include heavy metals, chemical insecticides or PVC. This means it can be used with complete peace of mind on dogs that are more than a couple of months old or weigh more than 800 grams. It can also be used on animals with allergies, sensitive skin, in environments with children and on older dogs. Another advantage is that it has a safety fastening that prevents the dog from losing it. It neutralises body odour and leaves a pleasant scent. It is also waterproof, so the animal can be bathed without removing it. It is recommended to wash your hands after handling it and not to fasten it too tightly around your pet's neck.

Anima-Strath syrup

The jarabe Anima-Strath is a restorative food supplement for pets and is 100% natural. Made by Stangest, its ingredients include honey, orange juice, malt and brewer's yeast, which helps improve vitality, stamina and performance. Consequently, it helps strengthen the immune system and supports recovery in cases of prolonged exertion or convalescence. On the other hand, it helps pets grow in a balanced way and prevents hypoglycaemia. It is beneficial during pregnancy and lactation and is also useful in cases of pancreatic and liver conditions, stress, poor appetite and deterioration of the skin or coat. At Farmaciasdirect we wanted to explain what leishmaniasis in dogs is to highlight that it can have serious health consequences. It is important to use every possible means to prevent it and to be aware of the first symptoms of leishmania in dogs. If you are looking to protect your dog from this or other diseases, at Farmaciasdirect you can buy the best veterinary products with exclusive discounts.