The Leishmaniasis Mosquito: Why It Bites More at Dusk and How to Protect Your Dog

Summer brings with it a greater risk of exposure to various parasites, but few cause as much concern as the leishmaniasis mosquito. Although we usually refer to it as a ‘mosquito’, the insect actually responsible for transmitting this disease is the sand fly, a small insect that becomes particularly active at sunset. Knowing when they are active and how to prevent their bites is essential for protecting your dog.

What are sand flies in dogs?

Although we often refer to the ‘Leishmaniasis mosquito’, the insect actually responsible for transmitting this disease is a small insect called a sand fly.

These are flying insects that are much smaller than common mosquitoes; they are silent and difficult to spot. If a sand fly has previously bitten an infected animal, it can transmit the Leishmania infantum parasite when it bites another dog. We can say that sand fly bites are the cause of leishmaniasis in dogs.

Leishmaniasis is a serious disease that can affect various organs and, although it can be treated, prevention remains the best approach.

Why does the sand fly that causes leishmaniasis bite more frequently at dusk?

One of the most important characteristics of the sand fly is its behaviour. Its activity increases particularly at dusk, during the night and in the early hours of dawn; for this reason, evening walks or time spent in gardens and on terraces as dusk falls increase the likelihood of being bitten by a sand fly.

Where is the risk of encountering sand flies greatest?

Sand flies prefer warm, humid environments, which is why they are frequently found in areas such as:

• Gardens with lush vegetation.
• Fields and rural areas.
• Areas near rivers or wetlands.
• Stone walls or old buildings.
• Terraces and patios on summer evenings.

Although they were traditionally more common in Mediterranean areas, their presence has now spread to many regions of Spain.

How can I tell if my dog has been bitten by a sand fly?

The reality is that a sand fly bite usually goes completely unnoticed, as it does not usually cause a visible reaction or a large welt, making it practically impossible to tell if a dog has been bitten.

This is why prevention is so important: by the time symptoms of leishmaniasis appear, the infection has already taken hold.

How to protect your dog from the sand fly

The best strategy is to combine several preventative measures.

Avoid evening walks where possible

If the weather permits, try to bring your evening walk forward to before dusk or choose open areas where there are fewer insects.

Keep the surroundings safe

In gardens or on terraces, it may be helpful to avoid areas with high humidity or very dense vegetation, where sand flies tend to take refuge.

Use topical insect repellents

Repellent-based anti-parasitic treatments help reduce the risk of bites and are one of the cornerstones of prevention.

The best ways to protect your dog from sand flies

There are currently various options available to protect dogs during the peak season for these insects:

Seresto dog collar: provides continuous protection against fleas and ticks for several months, making it a very convenient option for those seeking long-lasting protection without the need for frequent applications.

Advantix combines antiparasitic action with a repellent effect against various insects, including sand flies. It is one of the most widely used options to help reduce the risk of bites during the peak season.

AdTab offers protection against fleas and ticks via a monthly chewable tablet. It can form part of a comprehensive parasite control strategy, always in accordance with your vet’s advice.

Capstar works by rapidly eliminating fleas on the animal and is particularly useful when an infestation is already present. Although it does not offer long-lasting protection, it can be a useful addition to a parasite control plan.

Prevention remains the best form of protection

Leishmaniasis is a disease that can seriously affect a dog’s health, but it is possible to reduce the risk of exposure.

Knowing when the leishmaniasis mosquito is most active, avoiding the times when sand flies are most active, and taking preventative measures will help protect your pet throughout the summer.

If you live in or are travelling to an area where there is a risk of leishmaniasis, consult your vet about the most appropriate preventative strategy for your dog.