Diabetes in Cats: What It Is and What to Do

There are many illnesses that are common to both animals and people, producing similar symptoms, and the treatment is also similar. Today we explain diabetes in cats.

Diabetes in cats: what is it?

Diabetes mellitus in cats is a relatively common endocrine disease, especially in older or overweight cats. It occurs when the cat’s body cannot produce enough insulin or cannot use it effectively. Insulin is a hormone that helps regulate blood glucose (sugar) levels. When there is a problem with insulin, blood glucose levels rise, which can lead to a range of health complications.

1. Type 1 diabetes: This type occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin. It is rarer in cats, but it can happen.
2. Type 2 diabetes: This type is more common in cats and occurs when the body’s cells do not respond properly to insulin (insulin resistance), or the pancreas does not produce enough insulin to overcome the resistance. It is more common in overweight cats or those on an unsuitable diet.

Symptoms of diabetes in cats

• Polyuria and polydipsia: The cat urinates more than normal and drinks large amounts of water.
• Weight loss: Despite having a normal or even increased appetite.
• Increased appetite: The cat may eat more than usual, yet still lose weight.
• Lethargy: The cat may show less energy and spend more time sleeping or lying down.
• Changed behaviour: Some cats may become more aggressive or show signs of weakness.
• Dull coat: The coat may become less healthy and shiny.

In more severe cases, there may be complications such as blindness, diabetic ketoacidosis, and cardiovascular and kidney problems.

Causes of diabetes in cats and risk factors

It is important to understand that in many cases it is not just one single cause or factor that has an influence; several causes may be involved together.

1. Overweight or obesity: Excess body fat can cause insulin resistance.
2. Older age: Diabetes is more common in older cats.
3. Underlying diseases: Other illnesses, such as chronic infections or pancreatitis, can contribute to the development of diabetes.
4. Unsuitable diet: A diet high in carbohydrates can contribute to the development of the condition.
5. Genetic predisposition: Some cat breeds may be more prone, such as Siamese cats.

What is the diagnosis of diabetes in cats like? 

The diagnosis of diabetes in cats is made through a combination of blood and urine tests to measure glucose levels, together with the animal’s medical history.

Treatment for diabetes in cats

1. Insulin: Cats with diabetes generally need insulin injections to control their blood glucose levels. There are different types of insulin for diabetic cats, and the choice will depend on each cat’s specific needs.
2. Controlled diet: A low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet is recommended to help control glucose levels. It is important for the vet to recommend the best diet for each case. Here are some suggestions: Virbac Hpm Feline Weight Loss Diabetes, Purina Pro Plan Vet Feline Dm Diabetes Management, Royal Canin Veterinary Diabetic.
3. Ongoing monitoring: The vet can adjust insulin doses according to glucose levels, which can be monitored through regular blood tests or urine glucose tests.
4. Weight management: If the cat is overweight, losing weight in a controlled way can improve the effectiveness of insulin.

What is the prognosis?

If diagnosed and treated early, many cats with diabetes can live a normal and healthy life. The owner’s consistency and commitment to long-term treatment are essential. If you suspect your cat has diabetes, it is important to take them to your usual vet as soon as possible for a proper diagnosis and treatment.

So remember that annual check-ups and keeping an eye on symptoms can help detect certain illnesses earlier.