Skin pigmentation: how to treat and prevent facial dark spots

Skin dark spots are a common cosmetic concern for many people and can be the result of different factors. Some of the most common are sun exposure, ageing or certain skin conditions. Although they are usually harmless, they mayaffect people’s self-esteemand encourage them to look for ways to prevent and treat existing dark spots. That is why here we want to share the keys to radiant, even-looking skin with pharmacy products.

What are skin dark spots?

A dark spot is a localised area of the skin that has a more intense, darker tone. This darker tone appears because pigment builds up in the area. Therefore, dark spots appear due to increased production or altered distribution of the pigment responsible for our skin colour. This pigment we are referring to is melanin.

How a dark spot appears

Dark spots appear as a result of our body’s response to stimuli, triggering factors that directly affect the skin. This response is usually a defensive response from our body, a defence mechanism.

This stimulus activates melanin production in the melanocytes (skin cells responsible for producing the pigment) and causes it to be distributed unevenly, making it concentrate in the same area.

The pigment begins to be produced and migrates through our skin until it is deposited on the surface, and it is there, at that moment, when we begin to see it and, on many occasions, to worry about it.

Causes of dark spots

Dark spots do not appear on their own, they appear for different reasons, different triggering factors:

• Sun exposure: The sun regularly activates melanin production, and the problem comes when sun exposure is more intense and we do not protect ourselves from the sun or do not do so properly; or when this exposure builds up over the years, as in the case of age spots, for example.
• Hormonal changes: Melanocytes can activate their function due to sudden hormonal changes, such as pregnancy or the menopause.
• Medicines: If we do not protect ourselves from the sun properly, taking certain medicines can cause dark spots to appear (contraceptives, corticosteroids, antibiotics...).
• Uncontrolled oily skin: excessive sebum production without control or correction can activate melanin production.
• Acne: When the spot disappears, it can leave post-inflammatory pigmentation behind.
• Hair removal: Not preparing the skin properly or not repairing it can cause dark spots to appear in the treated area.
• Cosmetics: They can cause them if we do not protect ourselves from the sun and if we do not keep our skin barrier function stable.

those that appear on the skin of the face are changes in colour uniformity and do not necessarily indicate any pathology, although sometimes they do. In general, dark spots As you can see, they appear in the areas most exposed to the sun such as the hands, arms and face, for example. Fair skin has a higher risk than darker skin of developing them, but the reasons why they may appear are varied.

• Genetic factors.
• Vitiligo.
• Infections.
• Cancer.
• Pregnancy.

• Hormonal changes.
• Stress.
• Sun exposure.
• Use of certain medicines.
• Use of perfumes before sun exposure.
• Vitamin B deficiency.
• Disorders in iron metabolism.

How can you prevent them from appearing?

Some of the triggering factors we have mentioned can be avoided, for example, sun exposure. In this specific case, it is advisable to limit the hours of exposure , avoid the middle of the day (between 12 noon and 4 pm) and use sun protection factors throughout the year. In addition, if they are broad-spectrum, even better. Likewise, there are moisturisers that contain high protection factors. Something that is very helpful for people who struggle to maintain a good facial skincare routine. There are also other cosmetic products, such as serums, to fight photoageing and tackle dark spots that can easily be included in any beauty routine. Even so, this does not work for every type of dark spot. Those caused by hormonal or genetic reasons are unavoidable and, in these cases, it is advisable to see a dermatologist.

How do you get rid of dark spots on the face?

Nowadays, there are different treatments available that can improve this skin imperfection. However, it is important to point out that the more extensive and deeper the condition, the more complicated and lengthy the process will be . Below, we show some of the best treatments for dark spots on the face.

Avène A-OXitive Serum

Anyone looking for a product to help them protect their skin from the harmful effects of oxidative stress , will find a powerful and effective serum here. Avène A-OXitive Serum is ideal for achieving luminous, fresh and rejuvenated skin, and not only because of its ability to combat pollution. Its antioxidant properties prevent ageing, smoothing wrinkles and boosting radiance. Something visible after 21 days of uninterrupted use. In addition, its innovative mechanism of action releases vitamins C and E throughout the day . The serum’s effectiveness is equivalent to 15% pure vitamin C and it provides hydration for 24 hours. Its aqua-serum texture means it is quickly absorbed and it is suitable for all skin types, even the most sensitive.

Heliocare 360º Pigment Solution Fluid

It is one of the preferred broad-spectrum sunscreens among those with skin dark spots . Its fluid texture and nude pigments prevent and correct hyperpigmentation, which is why it is a cream for dark spots on the face . The finish of Heliocare 360º Pigment Fluid is silky and it can be used on all skin types that need a more even tone. In addition, it is a non-comedogenic product that is resistant to sweat and water.

La Roche-Posay Retinol B3 Serum

Another effective treatment for dark spots on the face is the sérum retinol B3 de La Roche-Posay . This product tackles deep wrinkles while regenerating the skin, evening out tone and preventing photoageing. It also soothes and reduces redness, hydrates and strengthens the skin’s protective barrier, improving its texture. On the other hand, when applied at night, it does not leave a greasy or sticky feeling and is absorbed very easily. That said, it is advisable to always use it together with a sun protection factor that is at least SPF 15 or higher. At Farmaciasdirect we advise against using it during pregnancy or breastfeeding.

Neoretin Discrom Control Depigmenting Peel

The intensive facial depigmenting discs designed by the specialists at Cantabria Labs help fade facial dark spots and exfoliate the skin. Among their benefits are improved skin texture and a more even tone. In addition, thanks to the removal of dead skin cells, the active ingredients applied in the treatment afterwards will penetrate better. Neoretin Discom Control Peeling Despigmentante is a non-comedogenic product whose formula contains lactic acid, salicylic acid, citric acid, stabilised vitamin C and niacinamide. It is suitable for all skin types and can be combined with other treatments for skin dark spots .

La Roche-Posay Niacinamide Serum

Anyone who does not know how to get rid of dark spots on the face has a great ally in this La Roche-Posay product. sérum Pure Niacinamide 10 de La Roche Posay contains 10% niacinamide, making it suitable for correcting dark spots and marks on the skin’s surface. People concerned about uneven tone and hyperpigmentation on their face can use this serum. Its texture is non-greasy, it absorbs quickly and leaves a velvety finish. It can be used on the hands, décolletage and face, and on any skin type, including oily skin, because it is non-comedogenic. Its effectiveness is visible from the first week of use and it is designed to be used both morning and night. Skin dark spots are a major concern for those who experience them, but, as we have seen, there are ways to prevent and treat them. At Farmaciasdirect we always recommend maintaining a suitable facial skincare routine and not forgetting to use sunscreen. In addition, it is advisable to avoid prolonged sun exposure.