Bronchiolitis in babies: everything you need to know

Bronchiolitis in babies is one of the most common respiratory illnesses during the first years of life, especially in autumn and winter. In this article, we explain what it is, how it spreads, what the most common symptoms are and what to do. Keep reading! 

What is bronchiolitis in babies? 

Bronchiolitis in babies is a respiratory infection that affects the bronchioles, the smallest airways in the lungs. These become inflamed and fill with mucus, making breathing difficult, and it is very common in babies under two years old. 

How does bronchiolitis spread?

It spreads through direct contact with respiratory secretionssuch as sneezes, coughs, kisses, contaminated hands or surfaces where the virus can survive for hours.

This is why bronchiolitis spreads so quickly in nurseries, hospitals or family settings, especially if there are older siblings with colds.

How do I know if my baby has bronchiolitis?

Many parents wonder how to know if their baby has bronchiolitis, as at first it can look like a simple cold. The first symptoms are usually:

• Nasal congestion.
• Heavy nasal discharge.
• Mild cough.

As the days go by, other more obvious signs may appear, such as rapid breathing, difficulty breathing, wheezing in the chest, loss of appetite or excessive tiredness.

What if the baby does not have a fever? Although many babies have a slight temperature or low-grade fever, others only show respiratory symptoms, without a fever.  That is why it is essential to observe the baby’s breathing and general behaviour, beyond their temperature.

How long does bronchiolitis last?

Another common question is how long bronchiolitis lasts. The illness usually lasts between 7 and 14 days, although the cough can continue for up to three weeks. The first 3 to 5 days are usually the most intense, and afterwards the symptoms gradually improve.

In some babies, especially those born prematurely or with pre-existing conditions, recovery may be slower and require medical follow-up.

Remedies for bronchiolitis

As this respiratory infection is caused by a virus and not by bacteria, there are no antibiotics for bronchiolitis or syrups that treat this infection. In these cases, it is recommended to:

• Nasal cleansing with saline solution.
• Keep the baby well hydrated.
• Control the fever if it appears.
• A well-ventilated environment free from smoke.

Although it is advisable to consult a paediatrician immediately if the baby has difficulty breathing, their ribs pull in when breathing, they stop eating, seem very lethargic or have pauses in their breathing.